What is a Pronoun?

Pronouns are the stunt doubles of the English language. They keep communication going with or without the nouns. Pronouns come in to keep nouns from getting repetitive or when nouns are not clearly known. They do more work than you think, so read on to learn about them.

Subject and object pronouns are used in everyday language. However, it can be tricky to remember which is which. The subject always takes action. The object is part of the activity, but it does not do any acting. Here is an example:

Shelby likes talking to Marvin.

Shelby is the subject; she is liking and talking. Marvin is the object; all the liking and talking is done to Marvin but not by Marvin.

Subject and object pronouns function in the same way.

Subject pronouns include I, you, he, she, it, they, we.
Object pronouns include me, you, him, her, it, us, them. See the following examples:

Subject
I might see you later.
You have to come now.
She lives in Nebraska.
He makes me angry
It just might work.
They caught the last train.
We can’t see the end.

Object
Sarah hit me on the arm.
I need to tell you something.
Larry took him aside.
The message wasn’t for her.
Take it to the store.
Summer is fun for us.
Margaret took them downstairs.

Possessive pronouns show who owns something described in a sentence. They include mine, his, hers, its, ours, yours, their, and theirs. Possessive adjectives are similar to possessive pronouns. However, the possessive adjective comes before the object of the sentence; the possessive pronoun is the object of the sentence. See the difference here:

That is my dog. (possessive adjective, before the object “dog”)
The dog is mine. (possessive pronoun, which is the object)

Intensive pronouns and reflexive pronouns look the same. However, they act differently in a sentence. Intensive pronouns put an emphasis on other pronouns or nouns. Reflexive pronouns rename the subject in a sentence. Look at the following examples:

Intensive pronoun – She herself will go to the bank. (herself emphasizes the pronoun she)
Reflexive pronoun – She cut herself on the arm. (herself renames the pronoun she)

Intensive and reflexive pronouns include:
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.

Demonstrative pronouns refer to things in relation to distance.
This and these refer to things that are close by. That and those refer to things farther away.

This is your shirt.
That is my house on the corner.
These good friends are sitting next to me.
Those roads in the next town are bumpy.

Indefinite pronouns replace nouns that are not specified. They include the following: all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, several, some, somebody, someone, and something. Read the example sentences for a better understanding.

We gave everything to the homeless shelter
All were sad to see the children go.
Give a present to each as they come in.

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask a question. They include who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whomever, whatever, and whichever. Consider the example sentences below:

Which of these do you like best?
Who was just in this room?
Whatever happens next, I am prepared.

Relative pronouns connect (relate) noun or pronoun clauses with other parts of a sentence. They include who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, and that. See how these are used in the sentences below.

The paper that she just wrote is due tomorrow.
Learning is easier for people who have a good teacher.
Whoever leaves the room needs to turn off the light.

Pronouns do a lot in the English language, don't they? They are the no-name workhorses, jumping in for the superstar nouns when they get exhausted. Hey, someone's got to do something about the work nobody wants to do!

A through H A all another any anybody anyone anything B both E each each other either everybody everyone everything F few H he her hers herself him himself his

I through O I I it its itself L little M many me mine more most much my myself N neither no one nobody none nothing O one one another other others our ours ourselves

S through Y S several she some somebody someone something T that their theirs them themselves these they this those U us W we what whatever which whichever who whoever whom whomever whose Y you your yours yourself yourselves

List of Verbs

What would happen if we didn't have verbs? Not much at all. Verbs are perhaps the most important part of speech in the English language. You can't do or be anything unless a verb lets you. Verbs are everywhere, and it's about time you got to know them with this list of verbs of many types.

Action verbs tell about something a person, animal, force of nature or thing can do or be. Can you cry, march, rinse, or turn? Can the wind blow or a cup fall? Yes, those are all actions. Use this list to think of other action verbs.

add allow bake bang call chase damage

drop end escape fasten fix gather grab

hang hug imagine itch jog jump kick

knit land lock march mix name notice

obey open pass promise question reach rinse

scatter stay talk turn untie use vanish

visit walk work yawn yell zip zoom

Verbs also use special rules for telling when something happened - in the past, the present, or the future. Here is a list of examples for each verb tense using the verb break. Try putting other verbs in the place of break.

Present tense – I/you/we/they break, he/she/it breaks

Past Tense – I/you/he/she/it/we/they broke

Future Tense - I/you/he/she/it/we/they will break

Present Perfect Tense – I/you/he/she/it/we/they have broken

Past Perfect Tense – I/you/he/she/it/we/they had broken

Future Perfect Tense – I/you/he/she/it/we/they will have broken

Being Verbs tell about something in a state of being. A noun or pronoun does not always take action. Sometime, it just is. For that purpose, you use a being verb. Here are the being verbs in all the past, present, and future tenses.

Present tense - I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are
Past Tense - I was, you were, he/she/it, was, we were, they were
Future Tense - I will be, you will be, he/she/it will be, we will be, they will be
Present Perfect Tense - I have been, you have been, he/she/it has been, we have been, they have been
Past Perfect Tense -I had been, you had been, he/she/it had been, we had been, they had been
Future Perfect Tense - I will have been, you will have been, he/she/it will have been, we will have been, they will have been

Helping verbs do not stand alone or express action. They are part of verb phrases that "help" the main verb. Helping verbs define the tense (past, present, future) or change the meaning of the main verb. Consider these examples:

Do you need a tissue?
We are helping the third-grade class.
Hank might have been driving the wrong way.

This list has commonly-used helping verbs:

may might must be

being been am are

is was were do

does did should could

would have had has

will can shall

Linking verbs do not show action. Instead, they connect nouns and pronouns to other information in the sentence. Here are some examples:

My sister is smart.
The picture appeared blurry.
Your supper smells delicious.

The most common linking verbs are listed here:

am are are being appear

be become feel get grow

have/has been is lie look might be

might have been prove remain seem sit

smell sound stay taste turn were

Irregular Verbs are verbs that don't follow the rules for changing tense. The best way to understand irregular verbs is to practice and memorize them.

Here are some common examples shown in the present/past/past participle:

The dog wants to bite me.
The dog bit me.
The dog has bitten me.

My arm hurts.
I hurt my arm yesterday.
I have hurt my arm before.

bite/bit/bitten
choose/chose/chosen
eat/ate/eaten
fall/fell/fallen
hurt/hurt/hurt
go/went/gone
lay/laid/laid
ring/rang/rung
send/sent/sent
teach/taught/taught
write/wrote/written

Verbs do a lot of work in the English language. Some are busy action verbs; others are modest helping or linking verbs. No matter what kind they are, verbs keep the English language movin' and shakin'.”

A abide accelerate accept accomplish achieve acquire acted activate adapt add address administer admire admit adopt advise afford agree alert alight allow altered amuse analyze announce annoy answer anticipate apologize appear applaud applied appoint appraise appreciate approve arbitrate argue arise arrange arrest arrive ascertain ask assemble assess assist assure attach attack attain attempt attend attract audited avoid awake	B back bake balance ban bang bare bat bathe battle be beam bear beat become beg begin behave behold belong bend beset bet bid bind bite bleach bleed bless blind blink blot blow blush boast boil bolt bomb book bore borrow bounce bow box brake branch break breathe breed brief bring broadcast bruise brush bubble budget build bump burn burst bury bust buy buzz	C calculate call camp care carry carve cast catalog catch cause challenge change charge chart chase cheat check cheer chew choke choose chop claim clap clarify classify clean clear cling clip close clothe coach coil collect color comb come command communicate compare compete compile complain complete compose compute conceive concentrate conceptualize concern conclude conduct confess confront confuse connect conserve consider consist consolidate construct consult contain continue contract control convert coordinate copy correct correlate cost cough counsel count cover crack crash crawl create creep critique cross crush cry cure curl curve cut cycle	D dam damage dance dare deal decay deceive decide decorate define delay delegate delight deliver demonstrate depend describe desert deserve design destroy detail detect determine develop devise diagnose dig direct disagree disappear disapprove disarm discover dislike dispense display disprove dissect distribute dive divert divide do double doubt draft drag drain dramatize draw dream dress drink drip drive drop drown drum dry dust dwell
E earn eat edited educate eliminate embarrass employ empty enacted encourage end endure enforce engineer enhance enjoy enlist ensure enter entertain escape establish estimate evaluate examine exceed excite excuse execute exercise exhibit exist expand expect expedite experiment explain explode express extend extract	F face facilitate fade fail fancy fasten fax fear feed feel fence fetch fight file fill film finalize finance find fire fit fix flap flash flee fling float flood flow flower fly fold follow fool forbid force forecast forego foresee foretell forget forgive form formulate forsake frame freeze frighten fry	G gather gaze generate get give glow glue go govern grab graduate grate grease greet grin grind grip groan grow guarantee guard guess guide	H hammer hand handle handwrite hang happen harass harm hate haunt head heal heap hear heat help hide hit hold hook hop hope hover hug hum hunt hurry hurt hypothesize
I identify ignore illustrate imagine implement impress improve improvise include increase induce influence inform initiate inject injure inlay innovate input inspect inspire install institute instruct insure integrate intend intensify interest interfere interlay interpret interrupt interview introduce invent inventory investigate invite irritate itch	J jail jam jog join joke judge juggle jump justify	K keep kept kick kill kiss kneel knit knock knot know	L label land last laugh launch lay lead lean leap learn leave lecture led lend let level license lick lie lifted light lighten like list listen live load locate lock log long look lose love
M maintain make man manage manipulate manufacture map march mark market marry match mate matter mean measure meddle mediate meet melt melt memorize mend mentor milk mine mislead miss misspell mistake misunderstand mix moan model modify monitor moor motivate mourn move mow muddle mug multiply murder	N nail name navigate need negotiate nest nod nominate normalize note notice number	O obey object observe obtain occur offend offer officiate open operate order organize oriented originate overcome overdo overdraw overflow overhear overtake overthrow owe own	P pack paddle paint park part participate pass paste pat pause pay peck pedal peel peep perceive perfect perform permit persuade phone photograph pick pilot pinch pine pinpoint pioneer place plan plant play plead please plug point poke polish pop possess post pour practice praised pray preach precede predict prefer prepare prescribe present preserve preset preside press pretend prevent prick print process procure produce profess program progress project promise promote proofread propose protect prove provide publicize pull pump punch puncture punish purchase push put
Q qualify question queue quit	R race radiate rain raise rank rate reach read realign realize reason receive recognize recommend reconcile record recruit reduce refer reflect refuse regret regulate rehabilitate reign reinforce reject rejoice relate relax release rely remain remember remind remove render reorganize repair repeat replace reply report represent reproduce request rescue research resolve respond restored restructure retire retrieve return review revise rhyme rid ride ring rinse rise risk rob rock roll rot rub ruin rule run rush	S sack sail satisfy save saw say scare scatter schedule scold scorch scrape scratch scream screw scribble scrub seal search secure see seek select sell send sense separate serve service set settle sew shade shake shape share shave shear shed shelter shine shiver shock shoe shoot shop show shrink shrug shut sigh sign signal simplify sin sing sink sip sit sketch ski skip slap slay sleep slide sling slink slip slit slow smash smell smile smite smoke snatch sneak sneeze sniff snore snow soak solve soothe soothsay sort sound sow spare spark sparkle speak specify speed spell spend spill spin spit split spoil spot spray spread spring sprout squash squeak squeal squeeze stain stamp stand stare start stay steal steer step stick stimulate sting stink stir stitch stop store strap streamline strengthen stretch stride strike string strip strive stroke structure study stuff sublet subtract succeed suck suffer suggest suit summarize supervise supply support suppose surprise surround suspect suspend swear sweat sweep swell swim swing switch symbolize synthesize systemize	T tabulate take talk tame tap target taste teach tear tease telephone tell tempt terrify test thank thaw think thrive throw thrust tick tickle tie time tip tire touch tour tow trace trade train transcribe transfer transform translate transport trap travel tread treat tremble trick trip trot trouble troubleshoot trust try tug tumble turn tutor twist type
U undergo understand undertake undress unfasten unify unite unlock unpack untidy update upgrade uphold upset use utilize	V vanish verbalize verify vex visit	W wail wait wake walk wander want warm warn wash waste watch water wave wear weave wed weep weigh welcome wend wet whine whip whirl whisper whistle win wind wink wipe wish withdraw withhold withstand wobble wonder work worry wrap wreck wrestle wriggle wring write	X - Y - Z x-ray yawn yell zip zoom

List of Nouns

Kinds of Nouns in the English Language

Nouns have different types or classes. There are proper and common nouns, noncount and count nounts, collective nouns, and concrete and abstract nouns.

Even though there are different kinds of nouns, a noun can fall into more than one class.

An example of this would be: Kathleen dated three different Davids in college. Davids in that sentence would fall into the classes of proper, count and concrete.

To further explain the kinds of nouns, you can use this guide and remember that the lists of nouns below contain all of these types :

KINDS OF NOUNS

Proper Nouns and Common Nouns

Proper nouns are nouns that represent a unique entity (like a specific person or a specific place).

Common nouns which describe an entire group of entities (examples would be the nouns village or women).

Proper nouns as a general rule are capitalized in the English language. Common nouns as a general rule are not capitalized.

Sometimes the same word can function as both a common noun and a proper noun, where one such entity is special. For example the common noun god refers to all deities, while the proper noun God specifically refers to the monotheistic God.

Countable and Uncountable or Noncount Nouns

Countable nouns are common nouns that can become a plural. They can combine with exact numbers (even one, as a singular) or indefinite numbers (like "a" or "an").

Uncountable (or noncount) nouns are different from by the simple fact that they can't become plural or combine with number words. Examples from English include "indigestion" and "furniture".

Collective Nouns

Collective nouns name groups consisting of more than one individual or entity. The group is a single unit, but it has more than one member. Examples include "family", "committee", "corporation","faculty", "army", and "school".

Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns

Concrete nouns refer to their ability to register on your five senses. If you can see, hear, smell, taste, or feel the item, it's a concrete noun.

Abstract nouns on the other hand refer to abstract objects such as ideas or concepts, like the nouns "politeness" or "hatefulness".

Possessive Nouns

A possessive noun is a noun that names who or what has something. The possessive form is used with nouns referring to people, groups of people, countries, and animals.

It also refers to where someone works or plays or spends their time.

Add an apostrophe and s ('s) to form the possessive of most singular nouns (ex. Bob's jacket, the cat's tail, Steven King's books).

Add an apostrophe (') to form the possessive of plural nouns that end with s (ex. retailers' stores, soldiers' weapons, Americans' banks).

Add an apostrophe and s ('s) to form the possessive of plural nouns that do not end with s (ex. geese's nest, children's toys, women's dresses).

Common Nouns by Grade Level

Kindergarten ball bat bed book boy bun can cake cap car cat cow cub cup dad day dog doll dust fan feet girl gun hall hat hen jar kite man map men mom pan pet pie pig pot rat son sun toe tub van

1st Grade apple arm banana bike bird book chin clam class clover club corn crayon crow crown crowd crib desk dime dirt dress fang field flag flower fog game heat hill home horn hose joke juice kite lake maid mask mice milk mint meal meat moon mother morning name nest nose pear pen pencil plant rain river road rock room rose seed shape shoe shop show sink snail snake snow soda sofa star step stew stove straw string summer swing table tank team tent test toes tree vest water wing winter woman women

2nd Grade alarm animal aunt bait balloon bath bead beam bean bedroom boot bread brick brother camp chicken children crook deer dock doctor downtown drum dust eye family father fight flesh food frog goose grade grandfather grandmother grape grass hook horse jail jam kiss kitten light loaf lock lunch lunchroom meal mother notebook owl pail parent park plot rabbit rake robin sack sail scale sea sister soap song spark space spoon spot spy summer tiger toad town trail tramp tray trick trip uncle vase winter water week wheel wish wool yard zebra

3rd Grade actor airplane airport army baseball beef birthday boy brush bushes butter cast cave cent cherries cherry cobweb coil cracker dinner eggnog elbow face fireman flavor gate glove glue goldfish goose grain hair haircut hobbies holiday hot jellyfish ladybug mailbox number oatmeal pail pancake pear pest popcorn queen quicksand quiet quilt rainstorm scarecrow scarf stream street sugar throne toothpaste twig volleyball wood wrench

4th Grade advice anger answer apple arithmetic badge basket basketball battle beast beetle beggar brain branch bubble bucket cactus cannon cattle celery cellar cloth coach coast crate cream daughter donkey drug earthquake feast fifth finger flock frame furniture geese ghost giraffe governor honey hope hydrant icicle income island jeans judge lace lamp lettuce marble month north ocean patch plane playground poison riddle rifle scale seashore sheet sidewalk skate slave sleet smoke stage station thrill throat throne title toothbrush turkey underwear vacation vegetable visitor voyage year

5th Grade able achieve acoustics action activity aftermath afternoon afterthought apparel appliance beginner believe bomb border boundary breakfast cabbage cable calculator calendar caption carpenter cemetery channel circle creator creature education faucet feather friction fruit fuel galley guide guitar health heart idea kitten laborer language lawyer linen locket lumber magic minister mitten money mountain music partner passenger pickle picture plantation plastic pleasure pocket police pollution railway recess reward route scene scent squirrel stranger suit sweater temper territory texture thread treatment veil vein volcano wealth weather wilderness wren wrist writer

List of Common Nouns for Various Ages

A account achiever acoustics act action activity actor addition adjustment advertisement advice aftermath afternoon afterthought agreement air airplane airport alarm amount amusement anger angle animal answer ant ants apparatus apparel apple apples appliance approval arch argument arithmetic arm army art attack attempt attention attraction aunt authority	B babies baby back badge bag bait balance ball balloon balls banana band base baseball basin basket basketball bat bath battle bead beam bean bear bears beast bed bedroom beds bee beef beetle beggar beginner behavior belief believe bell bells berry bike bikes bird birds birth birthday bit bite blade blood blow board boat boats body bomb bone book books boot border bottle boundary box boy boys brain brake branch brass bread breakfast breath brick bridge brother brothers brush bubble bucket building bulb bun burn burst bushes business butter button	C cabbage cable cactus cake cakes calculator calendar camera camp can cannon canvas cap caption car card care carpenter carriage cars cart cast cat cats cattle cause cave celery cellar cemetery cent chain chair chairs chalk chance change channel cheese cherries cherry chess chicken chickens children chin church circle clam class clock clocks cloth cloud clouds clover club coach coal coast coat cobweb coil collar color comb comfort committee company comparison competition condition connection control cook copper copy cord cork corn cough country cover cow cows crack cracker crate crayon cream creator creature credit crib crime crook crow crowd crown crush cry cub cup current curtain curve cushion	D dad daughter day death debt decision deer degree design desire desk destruction detail development digestion dime dinner dinosaurs direction dirt discovery discussion disease disgust distance distribution division dock doctor dog dogs doll dolls donkey door downtown drain drawer dress drink driving drop drug drum duck ducks dust	E ear earth earthquake edge education effect egg eggnog eggs elbow end engine error event example exchange existence expansion experience expert eye eyes
F face fact fairies fall family fan fang farm farmer father father faucet fear feast feather feeling feet fiction field fifth fight finger finger fire fireman fish flag flame flavor flesh flight flock floor flower flowers fly fog fold food foot force fork form fowl frame friction friend friends frog frogs front fruit fuel furniture	G alley game garden gate geese ghost giants giraffe girl girls glass glove glue goat gold goldfish good-bye goose government governor grade grain grandfather grandmother grape grass grip ground group growth guide guitar gun	H hair haircut hall hammer hand hands harbor harmony hat hate head health hearing heart heat help hen hill history hobbies hole holiday home honey hook hope horn horse horses hose hospital hot hour house houses humor hydrant	I ice icicle idea impulse income increase industry ink insect instrument insurance interest invention iron island	J jail jam jar jeans jelly jellyfish jewel join joke journey judge juice jump
K kettle key kick kiss kite kitten kittens kitty knee knife knot knowledge	L laborer lace ladybug lake lamp land language laugh lawyer lead leaf learning leather leg legs letter letters lettuce level library lift light limit line linen lip liquid list lizards loaf lock locket look loss love low lumber lunch lunchroom	M machine magic maid mailbox man manager map marble mark market mask mass match meal measure meat meeting memory men metal mice middle milk mind mine minister mint minute mist mitten mom money monkey month moon morning mother motion mountain mouth move muscle music	N nail name nation neck need needle nerve nest net news night noise north nose note notebook number nut	O oatmeal observation ocean offer office oil operation opinion orange oranges order organization ornament oven owl owner
P page pail pain paint pan pancake paper parcel parent park part partner party passenger paste patch payment peace pear pen pencil person pest pet pets pickle picture pie pies pig pigs pin pipe pizzas place plane planes plant plantation plants plastic plate play playground pleasure plot plough pocket point poison police polish pollution popcorn porter position pot potato powder power price print prison process produce profit property prose protest pull pump punishment purpose push	Q quarter quartz queen question quicksand quiet quill quilt quince quiver	R rabbit rabbits rail railway rain rainstorm rake range rat rate ray reaction reading reason receipt recess record regret relation religion representative request respect rest reward rhythm rice riddle rifle ring rings river road robin rock rod roll roof room root rose route rub rule run	S sack sail salt sand scale scarecrow scarf scene scent school science scissors screw sea seashore seat secretary seed selection self sense servant shade shake shame shape sheep sheet shelf ship shirt shock shoe shoes shop show side sidewalk sign silk silver sink sister sisters size skate skin skirt sky slave sleep sleet slip slope smash smell smile smoke snail snails snake snakes sneeze snow soap society sock soda sofa son song songs sort sound soup space spade spark spiders sponge spoon spot spring spy square squirrel stage stamp star start statement station steam steel stem step stew stick sticks stitch stocking stomach stone stop store story stove stranger straw stream street stretch string structure substance sugar suggestion suit summer sun support surprise sweater swim swing system	T table tail talk tank taste tax teaching team teeth temper tendency tent territory test texture theory thing things thought thread thrill throat throne thumb thunder ticket tiger time tin title toad toe toes tomatoes tongue tooth toothbrush toothpaste top touch town toy toys trade trail train trains tramp transport tray treatment tree trees trick trip trouble trousers truck trucks tub turkey turn twig twist
U umbrella uncle underwear unit use	V vacation value van vase vegetable veil vein verse vessel vest view visitor voice volcano volleyball voyage	W walk wall war wash waste watch water wave waves wax way wealth weather week weight wheel whip whistle wilderness wind window wine wing winter wire wish woman women wood wool word work worm wound wren wrench wrist writer writing	Y yak yam yard yarn year yoke	Z zebra zephyr zinc zipper zoo

List of Prepositions

English speakers use prepositions in both formal and everyday communication. Without them, the English language would sound short and choppy. If you have a child starting grammar lessons, read through the list of prepositions and take a quick refresher class on prepositions.

Prepositions connect nouns, pronouns, and phrases with other words in a sentence. It gives information about location, direction, space, or time. Prepositions are usually part of a phrase because they often have a noun or pronoun after them. Here are two examples of prepositions in sentences.

The dog jumped over the fence.
I will go to the doctor.

The main job of prepositions is to create relationships between words. How is the dog related to the fence? It jumped over the fence. How am I related to the doctor? I am going to the doctor

Prepositional phrases can also act like adverbs or adjectives. Remember that adverbs describe verbs (actions and being), and adjectives describe nouns and pronouns (ideas, people, places, and things).

As an adverb - The children crossed the street with caution.
The prepositional phrase "with caution" describes the way the children crossed the street.

As an adjective - He lives in the house with the red roof.
The prepositional phrase "with the red roof" describes the house in a specific way.

Children will see prepositions in their early reader books. In Kindergarten and first grade, children are focused on word recognition and reading skills. Basic sentence structure is taught, but it is too early for children that young to learn parts of speech. Below is a list of prepositions new readers can recognize easily:

List of Basic Prepositions

as
at
but
by
down
for
from
in
into
like
near
next
of
off
on
onto
out
over
past
plus
minus
since
than
to
up
with

As children develop their reading skills, they will learn the spelling and definitions of more complex words. They are introduced to prepositions and other parts of speech between the second and fourth grade. The following list shows some more advanced prepositions:

List of Advanced Prepositions

aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
around
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
during
except
following
inside
minus
onto
opposite
outside
round
since
through
toward
under
underneath
unlike
until
upon
without

Older elementary and middle school students are exposed to a variety of prepositions. This includes compound words and single words used in complex sentences.

according to
along with
alongside
among
apart from
as for
atop
because of
by means of
concerning
despite
except for
in addition to
in back of
in case of
in front of
in place of
in spite of
instead of
on top of
out of
regarding
throughout
till
up to
via
within
worth

Of course, the English language is full of exceptions. Some prepositions seem to break the rules, yet make sense in everyday language. These are called idioms. A few common examples include the following:

List of Idioms

according to
capable of
familiar with
impatient with
rewarded for
superior to

Prepositions are not always easy to identify in spoken and written language. However, they play a big part in making the English language colorful and interesting. Use this list of prepositions as a quick guide to help your student learn about prepositions.

List of the Most Common Prepositions

A through D aboard about above absent across after against along alongside amid amidst among anti around as at atop before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond but by concerning considering despite down during

E through M except excepting excluding following for from in in front of inside instead of into like mid minus

N through R near next of off on on top of onto opposite out of outside over past per plus regarding round

S through W save since than through till times to toward towards under underneath unlike until up upon versus via with within witho

List of Adjectives

The list of adjectives is something of wonder. Behold the modest adjective. It can leap tall buildings in a single bound. It makes the average citizen smarter and kinder. It keeps you in the cleanest car on the block. Such potent words should be used wisely. Read on and learn how to use your adjective powers for good.

An adjective's job is to modify a noun or pronoun. They are always near the noun or pronoun they are describing. Be careful how you use adjectives such as interesting, beautiful, great, wonderful, or exciting. Many adjectives like these are overused and add little definition to a sentence. Instead, show your reader or listener what you are talking about by using verbs and nouns creatively. Sprinkle fewer well-chosen adjectives for interest.

Adjectives are often used to describe the degree of modification.

The adjective forms are positive, comparative, and superlative.

This tree is tall. (positive)
That tree is taller. (comparative)
The last tree in the row is the tallest. (superlative)

A handful of adjectives have irregular forms of positive, comparative, and superlative usage.

These include good/better/best, bad/worse/worst, little/less/least, much-many-some/more/most, far/further/furthest.

My lunch was good, hers was better, and yours was the best.

Proper adjectives are derived from proper nouns. They commonly describe something in terms of nationality, religious affiliation, or culture. Like proper nouns, proper adjectives have their first letter capitalized. Some examples of proper adjectives include:

American
French
Japanese
Latino
Asian
Australian
Catholic
Lutheran
Jewish

The following lists are just a sampling of adjectives in the English language. They are categorized by the type of attribute they describe. Use your dictionary or thesaurus to add to each list or use the complete list below this one.

Appearance Adjectives adorable beautiful clean drab elegant fancy glamorous handsome long magnificent old-fashioned plain quaint sparkling ugliest unsightly wide-eyed	Color Adjectives red orange yellow green blue purple gray black white	Condition Adjectives alive better careful clever dead easy famous gifted helpful important inexpensive mushy odd powerful rich shy tender uninterested vast wrong.	Feelings (Bad) Adjectives angry bewildered clumsy defeated embarrassed fierce grumpy helpless itchy jealous lazy mysterious nervous obnoxious panicky repulsive scary thoughtless uptight worried
Feelings (Good) Adjectives agreeable brave calm delightful eager faithful gentle happy jolly kind lively nice obedient proud relieved silly thankful victorious witty zealous	Shape Adjectives broad chubby crooked curved deep flat high hollow low narrow round shallow skinny square steep straight wide.	Size Adjectives big colossal fat gigantic great huge immense large little mammoth massive miniature petite puny scrawny short small tall teeny teeny-tiny tiny	Sound Adjectives cooing deafening faint hissing loud melodic noisy purring quiet raspy screeching thundering voiceless whispering
Time Adjectives ancient brief early fast late long modern old old-fashioned quick rapid short slow swift young	Taste/Touch Adjectives bitter delicious fresh greasy juicy hot icy loose melted nutritious prickly rainy rotten salty sticky strong sweet tart tasteless uneven weak wet wooden yummy	Touch Adjectives boiling breeze broken bumpy chilly cold cool creepy crooked cuddly curly damaged damp dirty dry dusty filthy flaky fluffy freezing hot warm wet	Quantity Adjectives abundant empty few full heavy light many numerous sparse substantial

Why do you need a list of adjectives? Adjectives can turn the ordinary in to the extraordinary. When used properly, they can add vivid interest to your conversation or written communication. However, there can be too much of a good thing. Please keep your adjectives effective by choosing them wisely.

Comprehensive List of Adjectives

A aback abaft abandoned abashed aberrant abhorrent abiding abject ablaze able abnormal aboard aboriginal abortive abounding abrasive abrupt absent absorbed absorbing abstracted absurd abundant abusive acceptable accessible accidental accurate acid acidic acoustic acrid actually ad hoc adamant adaptable addicted adhesive adjoining adorable adventurous afraid aggressive agonizing agreeable ahead ajar alcoholic alert alike alive alleged alluring aloof amazing ambiguous ambitious amuck amused amusing ancient angry animated annoyed annoying anxious apathetic aquatic aromatic arrogant ashamed aspiring assorted astonishing attractive auspicious automatic available average awake aware awesome awful axiomatic	B bad barbarous bashful bawdy beautiful befitting belligerent beneficial bent berserk best better bewildered big billowy bite-sized bitter bizarre black black-and-white bloody blue blue-eyed blushing boiling boorish bored boring bouncy boundless brainy brash brave brawny breakable breezy brief bright bright broad broken brown bumpy burly bustling busy	C cagey calculating callous calm capable capricious careful careless caring cautious ceaseless certain changeable charming cheap cheerful chemical chief childlike chilly chivalrous chubby chunky clammy classy clean clear clever cloistered cloudy closed clumsy cluttered coherent cold colorful colossal combative comfortable common complete complex concerned condemned confused conscious cooing cool cooperative coordinated courageous cowardly crabby craven crazy creepy crooked crowded cruel cuddly cultured cumbersome curious curly curved curvy cut cute cute cynical	D daffy daily damaged damaging damp dangerous dapper dark dashing dazzling dead deadpan deafening dear debonair decisive decorous deep deeply defeated defective defiant delicate delicious delightful demonic delirious dependent depressed deranged descriptive deserted detailed determined devilish didactic different difficult diligent direful dirty disagreeable disastrous discreet disgusted disgusting disillusioned dispensable distinct disturbed divergent dizzy domineering doubtful drab draconian dramatic dreary drunk dry dull dusty dusty dynamic dysfunctional	E eager early earsplitting earthy easy eatable economic educated efficacious efficient eight elastic elated elderly electric elegant elfin elite embarrassed eminent empty enchanted enchanting encouraging endurable energetic enormous entertaining enthusiastic envious equable equal erect erratic ethereal evanescent evasive even excellent excited exciting exclusive exotic expensive extra-large extra-small exuberant exultant
F fabulous faded faint fair faithful fallacious false familiar famous fanatical fancy fantastic far far-flung fascinated fast fat faulty fearful fearless feeble feigned female fertile festive few fierce filthy fine finicky first five fixed flagrant flaky flashy flat flawless flimsy flippant flowery fluffy fluttering foamy foolish foregoing forgetful fortunate four frail fragile frantic free freezing frequent fresh fretful friendly frightened frightening full fumbling functional funny furry furtive future futuristic fuzzy	G gabby gainful gamy gaping garrulous gaudy general gentle giant giddy gifted gigantic glamorous gleaming glib glistening glorious glossy godly good goofy gorgeous graceful grandiose grateful gratis gray greasy great greedy green grey grieving groovy grotesque grouchy grubby gruesome grumpy guarded guiltless gullible gusty guttural	H habitual half hallowed halting handsome handsomely handy hanging hapless happy hard hard-to-find harmonious harsh hateful heady healthy heartbreaking heavenly heavy hellish helpful helpless hesitant hideous high highfalutin high-pitched hilarious hissing historical holistic hollow homeless homely honorable horrible hospitable hot huge hulking humdrum humorous hungry hurried hurt hushed husky hypnotic hysterical	I icky icy idiotic ignorant ill illegal ill-fated ill-informed illustrious imaginary immense imminent impartial imperfect impolite important imported impossible incandescent incompetent inconclusive industrious incredible inexpensive infamous innate innocent inquisitive insidious instinctive intelligent interesting internal invincible irate irritating itchy	J jaded jagged jazzy jealous jittery jobless jolly joyous judicious juicy jumbled jumpy juvenile
K kaput keen kind kindhearted kindly knotty knowing knowledgeable known	L labored lackadaisical lacking lame lamentable languid large last late laughable lavish lazy lean learned left legal lethal level lewd light like likeable limping literate little lively lively living lonely long longing long-term loose lopsided loud loutish lovely loving low lowly lucky ludicrous lumpy lush luxuriant lying lyrical	M macabre macho maddening madly magenta magical magnificent majestic makeshift male malicious mammoth maniacal many marked massive married marvelous material materialistic mature mean measly meaty medical meek mellow melodic melted merciful mere messy mighty military milky mindless miniature minor miscreant misty mixed moaning modern moldy momentous motionless mountainous muddled mundane murky mushy mute mysterious	N naive nappy narrow nasty natural naughty nauseating near neat nebulous necessary needless needy neighborly nervous new next nice nifty nimble nine nippy noiseless noisy nonchalant nondescript nonstop normal nostalgic nosy noxious null numberless numerous nutritious nutty	O oafish obedient obeisant obese obnoxious obscene obsequious observant obsolete obtainable oceanic odd offbeat old old-fashioned omniscient one onerous open opposite optimal orange ordinary organic ossified outgoing outrageous outstanding oval overconfident overjoyed overrated overt overwrought
P painful painstaking pale paltry panicky panoramic parallel parched parsimonious past pastoral pathetic peaceful penitent perfect periodic permissible perpetual petite petite phobic physical picayune pink piquant placid plain plant plastic plausible pleasant plucky pointless poised polite political poor possessive possible powerful precious premium present pretty previous pricey prickly private probable productive profuse protective proud psychedelic psychotic public puffy pumped puny purple purring pushy puzzled puzzling	Q quack quaint quarrelsome questionable quick quickest quiet quirky quixotic quizzical	R rabid racial ragged rainy rambunctious rampant rapid rare raspy ratty ready real rebel receptive recondite red redundant reflective regular relieved remarkable reminiscent repulsive resolute resonant responsible rhetorical rich right righteous rightful rigid ripe ritzy roasted robust romantic roomy rotten rough round royal ruddy rude rural rustic ruthless	S sable sad safe salty same sassy satisfying savory scandalous scarce scared scary scattered scientific scintillating scrawny screeching second second-hand secret secretive sedate seemly selective selfish separate serious shaggy shaky shallow sharp shiny shivering shocking short shrill shut shy sick silent silent silky silly simple simplistic sincere six skillful skinny sleepy slim slimy slippery sloppy slow small smart smelly smiling smoggy smooth sneaky snobbish snotty soft soggy solid somber sophisticated sordid sore sore sour sparkling special spectacular spicy spiffy spiky spiritual spiteful splendid spooky spotless spotted spotty spurious squalid square squealing squeamish staking stale standing statuesque steadfast steady steep stereotyped sticky stiff stimulating stingy stormy straight strange striped strong stupendous stupid sturdy subdued subsequent substantial successful succinct sudden sulky super superb superficial supreme swanky sweet sweltering swift symptomatic synonymous	T taboo tacit tacky talented tall tame tan tangible tangy tart tasteful tasteless tasty tawdry tearful tedious teeny teeny-tiny telling temporary ten tender tense tense tenuous terrible terrific tested testy thankful therapeutic thick thin thinkable third thirsty thirsty thoughtful thoughtless threatening three thundering tidy tight tightfisted tiny tired tiresome toothsome torpid tough towering tranquil trashy tremendous tricky trite troubled truculent true truthful two typical
U ubiquitous ugliest ugly ultra unable unaccountable unadvised unarmed unbecoming unbiased uncovered understood undesirable unequal unequaled uneven unhealthy uninterested unique unkempt unknown unnatural unruly unsightly unsuitable untidy unused unusual unwieldy unwritten upbeat uppity upset uptight used useful useless utopian utter uttermost	V vacuous vagabond vague valuable various vast vengeful venomous verdant versed victorious vigorous violent violet vivacious voiceless volatile voracious vulgar	W wacky waggish waiting wakeful wandering wanting warlike warm wary wasteful watery weak wealthy weary well-groomed well-made well-off well-to-do wet whimsical whispering white whole wholesale wicked wide wide-eyed wiggly wild willing windy wiry wise wistful witty woebegone womanly wonderful wooden woozy workable worried worthless wrathful wretched wrong wry	Y yellow yielding young youthful yummy	Z zany zealous zesty zippy zonked

List of Adverbs

Why do you need a list of adverbs?

If you watched Schoolhouse Rock as a child, you probably remember the song Lolly, Lolly, Lolly, get your adverbs here. This catchy song told you how adverbs were at your service to enrich your language in various ways. Now that you have the tune stuck in your head, keep reading to brush up on adverbs via the handy list of adverbs.

An adverb is a modifying part of speech. It describes verbs, other adverbs, adjectives, and phrases. They are used to describe how, where, when, how often and why something happens. Here are a few examples:

Verb- The cat climbed quickly up the tree. (quickly describes how the cat climbed)

Adverb- Mike worked very carefully on his paper. (very shows how carefully he worked) Adjective- She is nearly ready to go. (nearly tells to what extent she is ready)

Adverbs of manner describe how something happens. Where there are two or more verbs in a sentence, adverb placement affects the meaning. Some commonly used adverbs of manner include:

carefully
correctly
eagerly
easily
fast
loudly
patiently
quickly
quietly
and well.

Consider the following example:

She decided to write her paper. (no adverbs)
She quickly decided to write her paper. (her decision was quick)
She decided to write her paper quickly. (her writing was quick)

Adverbs of place describe where something happens. Most adverbs of place are also used as prepositions. Some commonly used examples include the following:

abroad
anywhere
downstairs
here
home
in
nowhere
out
outside
somewhere
there
underground
upstairs.

I wanted to go upstairs.
She has lived in the city since June. (in the city – prepositional phrase)

Adverbs of purpose describe why something happens. Here are some common examples:

so
so that
to
in order to
because
since
accidentally
intentionally
and purposely.

Jenny walks carefully to avoid falling.
Bob accidentally broke the vase.

Adverbs of frequency describe how often something happens. The following adverbs are commonly used in this way:

always
every
never
often
rarely
seldom
sometimes
and usually.

Mackenzie gets a ride from her brother every day.
The fish usually swims near the top of its tank.

Adverbs of time describe when something happens. These examples are commonly used:

after
already
during
finally
just
last
later
next
now
recently
soon
then
tomorrow
when
while
and yesterday.

He came home before dark.
It will be too dark to play outside soon.
Jessica finished her supper first.
Andy left school early.

Some adverbs often get overused, such as very, extremely, and really. Using there is/are or it is at the beginning of a sentence adds nothing. Sentences with these adverb phrases become wordy, boring, and less clear. Look at some examples:

* There are many bird species living in the sanctuary. Many bird species live in the sanctuary.
* It is important to hold hands when crossing the street. Holding hands when crossing the street is important.
* There may be more than one way to solve the problem. The problem may be solved in more than one way.

Well, did you catch all that? Recognizing the various adverbs used in the English language can take practice. Using them properly can make writing and speaking far more interesting.

Now you have a list of adverbs because you read this article carefully and thoroughly...

Adverbs of Completeness
Everywhere
here
there

List of Common Adverbs

A abnormally absentmindedly accidentally acidly actually adventurously afterwards almost always angrily annually anxiously arrogantly awkwardly	B badly bashfully beautifully bitterly bleakly blindly blissfully boastfully boldly bravely briefly brightly briskly broadly busily	C calmly carefully carelessly cautiously certainly cheerfully clearly cleverly closely coaxingly colorfully commonly continually coolly correctly courageously crossly cruelly curiously	D daily daintily dearly deceivingly delightfully deeply defiantly deliberately delightfully diligently dimly doubtfully dreamily	E easily elegantly energetically enormously enthusiastically equally especially even evenly eventually exactly excitedly extremely
F fairly faithfully famously far fast fatally ferociously fervently fiercely fondly foolishly fortunately frankly frantically freely frenetically frightfully fully furiously	G generally generously gently gladly gleefully gracefully gratefully greatly greedily	H happily hastily healthily heavily helpfully helplessly highly honestly hopelessly hourly hungrily	I immediately innocently inquisitively instantly intensely intently interestingly inwardly irritably	J jaggedly jealously joshingly joyfully joyously jovially jubilantly judgementally justly
K keenly kiddingly kindheartedly kindly kissingly knavishly knottily knowingly knowledgeably kookily	L lazily less lightly likely limply lively loftily longingly loosely lovingly loudly loyally	M madly majestically meaningfully mechanically merrily miserably mockingly monthly more mortally mostly mysteriously	N naturally nearly neatly needily nervously never nicely noisily not	O obediently obnoxiously oddly offensively officially often only openly optimistically overconfidently owlishly
P painfully partially patiently perfectly physically playfully politely poorly positively potentially powerfully promptly properly punctually	Q quaintly quarrelsomely queasily queerly questionably questioningly quicker quickly quietly quirkily quizzically	R rapidly rarely readily really reassuringly recklessly regularly reluctantly repeatedly reproachfully restfully righteously rightfully rigidly roughly rudely	S sadly safely scarcely scarily searchingly sedately seemingly seldom selfishly separately seriously shakily sharply sheepishly shrilly shyly silently sleepily slowly smoothly softly solemnly solidly sometimes soon speedily stealthily sternly strictly successfully suddenly surprisingly suspiciously sweetly swiftly sympathetically	T tenderly tensely terribly thankfully thoroughly thoughtfully tightly tomorrow too tremendously triumphantly truly truthfully
U ultimately unabashedly unaccountably unbearably unethically unexpectedly unfortunately unimpressively unnaturally unnecessarily utterly upbeat upliftingly upright upside-down upward upwardly urgently usefully uselessly usually utterly	V vacantly vaguely vainly valiantly vastly verbally very viciously victoriously violently vivaciously voluntarily	W warmly weakly wearily well wetly wholly wildly willfully wisely woefully wonderfully worriedly wrongly	Y yawningly yearly yearningly yesterday yieldingly youthfully	Z zealously zestfully zestily

Definitions of Political Words and Terms

Numbers

527 political groups - the result of a loophole in Sect. 527 of the Internal Revenue Code. They are designed to bypass federal election laws, so they can raise unlimited soft money from individuals, corporations and unions and influence federal elections.

A

ACORN Scandals - In 2009, Hannah Giles and James O'Keefe, two private citizen journalists, went into several ACORN (Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now) offices across the U.S.A. and made hidden video recordings. They posed as a prostitute and pimp attempting to purchase a house with ACORN's help, for the purpose of prostitution using very young girls illegally brought into the country from South America. ACORN representatives were filmed offering advice on how to subvert the law to gain home loans, offered to assist with tax evasion, human smuggling and child prostitution.
ACORN was already under an ongoing investigation for voter fraud. Several employees were convicted of voter registration fraud in 2007. In 2008 they were under investigation for voter fraud in 14 states. In addition, Citizens Consulting Inc., the umbrella group controlling Acorn, was paid $832,000 by the Obama campaign for get-out-the-vote efforts in key primary states. President Obama got his start as a community organizer at ACORN in 1992, and in 1995 he defended ACORN in a key case upholding the Motor Voter Act, the very law that mandated postcard registration that flooded election offices with bogus registrations.
a priori - from cause to effect; from a general law to a particular instance; valid independently of observation.
abolitionist - one who favors doing away with slavery.
absolutism - the principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government.
acid rain - a theory that pollution rises into the atmosphere and chemicals are returned to earth in the rain.
ACLU - American Civil Liberties Union. Nonprofit, nonpartisan litigation and lobbying organization which, among other activities, defends "freedom of expression, privacy, due process, and equal protection on behalf of anyone, no matter how unpopular the issue.
ad hominem - appealing to a prejudice or emotion, to discredit what someone believes. Instead of addressing the opposing side's argument or position, you make a personal attack on their character.
affirmative action - laws mandating increased numbers of women and minorities, especially in employment.
altruism - sacrifice of the self for the welfare of others.
amendment - an alteration of or addition to a bill, constitution, etc.
anarchist - one who seeks to overturn, by violence, society and government, with no intention of establishing another orderly system.
Anarchist (libertarian) - this anti-american faction is made up of far-left extremists from the communist, socialist democrat, and environmentalist movements. They condemn capitalism, advocate intolerance and violence, utilizing terrorist methods to implement change.
Antifederalist - a person who opposed the adoption of the proposed U.S. Constitution.
Anti-Semitearbitrary - one who discriminates against or who is hostile toward or prejudiced against Jews. Sometimes used as a label for those who criticize Israel or it's policies, in order to intimidate and stifle disagreement.
Articles of Confederation - the constitution of the 13 American colonies, adopted in 1781 and replaced in 1789 by the U.S. Constitution.
atheism - the doctrine or belief that there is no God or gods.
attorney general - the chief law officer of a country or state and head of its legal department.
autarky - national economic self-sufficiency.
autocracy - a government where uncontrolled or unlimited authority is in the hands of one person.
axis-of-evil - countries to be attacked; Bush administration hitlist (currently includes Iran, North Korea, and possibly now Syria -
threatening moves against Cuba and Venezuela also made by this regime)

B

bear market - a declining or tending toward a declining in prices.
bigotry - intolerance of anyone else's creed, belief, or opinion.
bill - a form or draft of a proposed statute presented to a legislature.
Bill of Rights - a formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of a nation; such a statement incorporated in the U.S. Constitution as Amendments 1 - 10, and in all the state constitutions.
bi-partisan - representing, characterized by, or including members from two parties or factions.
blow-back - the threat of American-made weapons being turned against American troops
Blue Dog Democrats - Democrats that frequently take Republicans or Independents political positions.
*brute force* hacker attack - one of most widely used forms of attack. It tries using every possible code, combination, or password until it finds the one that works. Some methods used to circumvent a brute force attack: 1) imposing a delay between failed attempts 2) locking the account after so many failed attempts and 3) requiring that two or three issued words, be typed back by you, to prove you are a person and not a computer, and 4) when you sign up for the account you answer 2-3 random questions. You can then be challenged to give the correct answer to one of the questions before you can proceed.
budget - an itemized estimate of expected income and expense and a plan of operation based on such an estimate.
bull market - a rise in prices. Characterized by favorable prospects for the economy.
bureaucracy - officials using fixed fules and a hierarchy of authority characterized by red tape, delay or inaction
Bush Derangement Syndrome (BDS) - The term BDS refers to a seriously paranoid state-of-mind, that affects some liberals. They blame President George W. Bush for virtually every ill in the world.
They also oppose any position advocated by the President just because he supports it, regardless of the position's merits. They become totally, foolish, unreasonable and belligerent in their opposition.

C

cabinet - a council advising a sovereign, president, etc.
campaign finance reform-Federal laws that are supposed to curtail corporations, issue-oriented advocacy organizations, and labor unions from communicating with the public about those who hold or seek public office via ads, as well as contributions.
capitalism - an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained by private individuals.
casuistry - application of general ethical principles to particular cases of conscience or conduct.
caucus - a closed meeting of a group of persons belonging to the same political party or faction usually to select candidates or to decide on party policy
censorship - suppressing books, plays, music, newspapers, speech, etc. because they are considered morally or politically objectionable.
chancellor - the chief minister of state as in Germany.
chaos - a state of utter confusion and disorder.
CIA - Central Intelligence Agency. The U.S. federal agency that coordinates governmental intelligence activities.
circuit court - the court of general jurisdiction in some states.
civil rights - the rights to personal liberty established by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution and certain Congressional Acts.
civil war - a war between political factions or regions within the same country.
class - dividing society into groups where the members of each group share basically the same economic and political characteristics.
Climategate - In 2009 there was a hacking of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the Univ. of East-Anglia, in Norwich, England. Over a thousand emails were taken and the contents placed on the Internet for all to see. Controversy arose because the emails revealed that several climate scientists had colluded to withhold scientific information, interfered with the peer-review process to prevent dissenting scientific papers from being published. These scientists also deleted emails and to prevent data from being revealed under the Freedom of Information Act. They also manipulated data to make the case for global warming appear stronger than it is.
Kevin Trenberth of the Nat'l Center for Atmospheric Research; Richard Somerville, a distinguished Professor Emeritus at Scripps Institution of Oceanography; and Philip D Jones a climatologist at the U. of East Anglia, were three of the scientists who had some of their emails made public.
Code Pink - Women for Peace - a group of feminist anti-war, anti-capitalism, Marxist activists. The leader, Medea Benjamin is a Socialist/Marxist. This group organizes protests, some of them violent. The Marxist World Worker's Party plays a crucial organizing role in their anti-American activities.
collateral damage - bystander casualties, ecological destruction and environmental contamination with potential to keep causing both
for long term
collectivism - centralized control of the social and economic elements of a society, especially the means of production.
communism - a system of social organization in which a totalitarian state, run by a single self-appointed political party, controls all economic and social activity.
competition - two or more entities, such as corporations, vying for the greatest amount of profits, prizes, acknowledgments, etc.
congress - the national legislative body of the U.S. consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
conscription - the draft. Mandatory enrollment in the military.
Conservative - Represented by the Republican party, or political Right. One who generally favors economic liberty, free markets, private property, privatization of business and lower taxes. They claim to want less, or limited Government. They respect the dignity of the individual, prefering personal freedoms over equality. They support a strong national defense and their champion is probably Ronald Reagan.
conspiracy - an evil, unlawful, treacherous, or surreptitious plan formulated in secret by two or more persons.
The Constitution - the fundamental law of the U.S. framed in 1787 by the Constitutional Convention and carried into effect March 4, 1789.
Constitutional Convention - the convention of representatives from each of the colonies (except Rhode Island) that met in Philadelphia in 1787 to frame the U.S. Constitution.
Continental Congress - one of two continental assemblies that first met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, and afterward met from 1775 to 1789, during which period the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation were adopted.
creationism - the belief that God created the universe, including all life, in its present form precisely as stated in the Bible in the book of Genesis.
cyber terrorism - a surprise attack by a foreign terrorist group, or individuals with a political agenda, using computer technology and the Internet to cripple or disable infrastructure.

D

Darwinism - the theory that the origin of the species is derived by descent, with variation, from parent forms, through the natural selection of those best adapted to survive in the struggle for existence.
Dawa .. A duty to encourage fellow Muslims to piety. It also refers to proselytizing and encouraging others to study and convert to Islam.
debunk - .to expose a sham or falseness by presenting a truthful explanation
Declaration of Independence - the public act by which the Second Continental Congress on July4, 1776, declared the colonies to be free and independent of England.
decriminalization - the elimination of criminal penalties for the possession or use of something.
deficit - the amount by which a sum of money falls short of the required amount.
democracy - a form of government to which the supreme power is vested in and exercised directly by the people or by their representatives elected under a free electoral system.
democrat - One who advocates social and economic equality and government efforts, through tax-supported programs, at achieving this equality. Democrats favor liberal or progressive positions, some of which include opposition to the Iraq war, diplomacy over military action, globalism, welfare programs targeted to the poor, global warming, affirmative action, balanced budget and unionized labor.
democratic republic - a nation that favors states' rights rather than a strong national government.
depression - a prolonged and very severe recession. The economic crisis which began around the time of the stock market crash in October 1929 and continued through the 1930s.
determinism - a philosophical concept which postulates that all events, including human actions, are predetermined.
Dhimmitude .. An Islamic superstructure that denies equal rights. A non-muslim can practice their own religion but are considered inferior. Those who accept Islam due to force, fear or cowardice are inferior.
dialectic - the art or practice of a logical discussion as of the truth of a theory or opinion.
dictator - one who assumes absolute control without the free consent of the people.
disinformation - false information deliberately and often covertly spread (as by the planting of rumors) in order to influence public opinion or obscure the truth
doublespeak - language deliberately constructed to disguise its actual meaning
doublethink - maintaining a contradiction in mind as one speaks the opposite of one's own belief.
Dow Jones Industrial Average - a weighted average of thirty stocks chosen by Dow Jones and Company as representative of the size and financial performance of the premier corporations in America.
downsize - reduction of employees

E

earmarks - a term used to describe a very specific type of pork barrel spending. The earmark is usually a reward offered to politicians to get their votes on bills they would not otherwise support. A good example is the Obama Health care bill; Sen. Ben Nelson D-NE was given the "Nebraska Kickback" for his vote; and Sen. Mary Landrieu D-LA received what was called the "Louisiana purchase" for her vote. The earmark is inserted into a bill to benefit a special project for the politician involved. Pork barrel spending is often referred to as a "back room deal" during which taxpayer money is allocated without benefit of a public hearing or review.
Ecoterrorist - political terrorism; a person who uses sabotage, arson and violence in order to achieve environmentalist aims
egalitarian - characterized by the belief in the equality of all men.
embedded reporters - reporters who are absorbed into an advancing military unit, and who may even dress like soldiers, so that
they can make realtime reports from the front line.
empirical - depending upon experience or observation alone, without using science or theory.
Enlightenment - a trend during the 18th century that favored the power of human reason. It was believed that knowledge could only come from observation guided by reason and that through reason, continuing progress in knowledge, achievement, and morality could be sustained. Further, that through education, human nature could be changed for the better.
eliminationist - originally a term used to describe Hitler's plan to eliminate the Jews. Today it is often used to describe a group of environmental radicals who have apocalyptic environmental views that treat humans as a disease. Many believe animals are more important than humans. Eliminationists support programs for humans, such as: forced abortions, putting sterilizing agents in drinking water, other means of forced sterilization, and extermination.
environmentalism - advocating working towards the protection of air, water, animals, plants, and other resources from pollution and its effects.
Environmental terrorism - political terrorism; the use of sabotage, arson and violence in order to achieve environmentalist aims. The Unabomber, Chaim Nissim and James Jay Lee were all environmental terrorists. Animal Liberation Front (ALF), Earth Liberation Front (ELF), Greenpeace and Earth First! are organizations that support violent tactics.
ethnic cleansing - the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group, also known as Genocide .
equality - the state in which all people, regardless of their individual characteristics and abilities and without any special privileges or advantages, have the same opportunities for economic, social, etc. achievement.
Eugenics - improving the human gene pool by discouraging procreation by persons with undesirable traits.
evolution - a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations; also : the process described by this theory
executive branch - one of the three main branches of the U.S. government which consists of 10 offices and 14 departments which are led by the President.


F

fascism - a totalitarian governmental system that emphasizes nationalism and racism and is led by a dictator.
federalist - one who advocates a strong central government.
FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigations. A federal agency charged, by the Attorney General, with investigating certain types of violations.
FCC - Federal Communications Commission. A board that regulates broadcasting and interstate communications.
FDIC - a public corporation established in 1933 which insures, up to a specified amount, all demand deposits by member banks.
Federal Reserve System - the U.S. federal banking system that is under the control of a central board of governors (Federal Reserve Board) with a central bank (Federal Reserve Bank) in each of the 12 districts. It has wide powers in controlling credit and the flow of money.
feminism - the doctrine of advocating social and political rights for women equal to those of men. (see NOW)
food police - individuals or groups who use a political bias as a standard to determine what is, and is not, healthy or appropriate for
human consumption.
free enterprise - an economic idea which states that a capitalist economy can, through supply and demand, regulate itself in a freely competitive market without governmental interference.
free shit - a slang term for welfare, food stamps, social security, Medicaid, public education, foreign aid and other items financed with taxpayer money and given by government to people who claim to have a need for them.
free speech - the right of people to express their opinions publicly without governmental interference, subject to the laws against libel, incitement to violence or rebellion, etc.

G

GDP - measures the value of all goods and services produced within a given nation's borders no matter what the producer's nationality.
GNP - measures the value of all goods and services in a given nation's economy and is determined by adding up all consumer, government, and investment spending both world-wide and domestically.
Gestapo - the German state secret police during the Nazi regime.
Global Warming - an increase in the earth's atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect supposedly resulting from pollution
Global Warming Movement - a name given to an environmental movement that claims that humankind is to blame for any increase in the average temperature of the Earth.
globalization - to make a worldwide government in scope or application for the purpose of increasing the interdependence of the world's markets and businesses. Globalization is currently being promoted by the United Nations.
God - the Supreme Being, the creator, and ruler of the universe.
grand jury - a jury designated to inquire into alleged illegalities to determine whether or not there is sufficient evidence to warrant a trial.
gravitas - high seriousness (as in a person's bearing or in the treatment of a subject). Used by Al Gore during the 2000 Presidential election to portray himself as experienced. This unfamiliar word was suddenly being used by numerous members of the media and became ridiculed as orchestrated political spin.
greenhouse gases - gases in the atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation. Environmentalists believe that fossil fuels have increased the levels of carbon dioxide. There is much controversy if this is a natural occurrence in nature or man-made.

H, I

hard money - political donations given by individuals and political action committees and subject to federal contribution limits of $1,000 to a federal candidate, and $20,000 a year to a political party. (see Soft Money)
homicide bombers - terrorists who kill themselves while murdering others. This term is used as a harsher way to describe a suicide bomber.
Homophobia - fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals. Labeling someone Homophobic, is a strategy sometimes used by the "politically correct", to intimidate and stifle legitimate disagreement on homosexual issues.
Illuminati - persons possessing or claiming to possess superior understanding and knowledge.
impeachment - a formal accusation in Congress or state legislature against a public official and the resulting trial.
independent - The principled independent voter is registered as an independent and is not affiliated with a political party. He is motivated to vote and to acquire information out of a sense of civic duty (nonpartisan). The most prevalent however, is the moderate independent. He is a partisan, belonging to a political party, but is a centrist who does not identify with the radical movements of that party. Independents are often seen as the deciding vote in a two party system election.
Intelligent Design - the theory that matter, the various forms of life, and the world were created by a designing intelligence
Islamophobia - fear of or aversion to Muslins or others of the Islamic faith. A belief that all Muslims are terrorists. Labeling someone Islamophobic, is a strategy sometimes used by the "politically correct", to intimidate and stifle legitimate disagreement on Islamic issues.
isolationism - a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations
inflation - a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services.
IRS - Internal Revenue Service. An agency of the U.S. Department of Treasury responsible for encouraging taxpayers to voluntarily comply with the tax laws and regulations. It also provides information and assistance to taxpayers and takes action when necessary and appropriate to enforce the law.

J

Jazyia .. a tax imposed on non-muslims in Islamic countries.
judicial branch - one of the three main branches of U.S. government whose function is to administer and enforce the laws of the United States.
junk science - a term used to describe false or misleading research that is offered as real science, but which was not obtained using the accepted scientific method . The term "junk science" is often applied to deceptive environmental and health studies.
justice - the quality of conforming to principles of reason, to generally accepted standards of right and wrong, and to the stated terms of laws, rules, and agreements, etc. in matters affecting persons who could be wronged or unduly favored.

K, L

Kyoto Protocol - a political effort put forward by an anti-industrial group that would require a new United Nations "green police" empowered to enforce compliance and monitor each nation's adherence to agreed limits. The UN will task the satellites, interpret their data, mete out fines, punishments and allocate energy consumption between nations. Kyoto would subject the U.S. to crippling restrictions based on politically motivated data.
labour party - a political party in Great Britain, formed in 1900 and characterized chiefly by broad social reforms.
labor union - workers who organize in order to, among other things, promote higher wages and better working conditions.
Laffer curve - a curve illustrating the relationship between tax rates and tax revenues. The curve reflects the fact that tax revenues are low for both very high and very low tax rates.
laissez-faire - the theory that government should not interfere in the direction of economic affairs.
legislative branch - Congress, which is comprised of the Senate and the House of Representatives. One of the three main branches of the U.S. government consisting of elected officials empowered to make, change, or repeal laws.
Liberal - Represented by the Democrat party, or the political Left. A Liberal is one who generally leans towards Democratic Socialism and even some degree of Marxism. They support the welfare state, Social Security and Socialized Healthcare. They believe that by raising taxes, and redistributing wealth, Government can eliminate the social inequalities they abhor. Their champion is probably Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Libertarian - (classic libertarian) - promotes tolerance, free will, and small government. They respect the individual rights of every person to include religion, speech, press and assembly. They advocate Capitalism, because it promotes free markets, private property and economic freedoms.
libertarian - (anarchist libertarian) - this anti-american faction is made up of far-left extremists from the communist, socialist democrat, and environmentalist movements. They condemn capitalism, and advocate intolerance and violence.
Lobbyist - to promote (as a project) or secure the passage of (as legislation) by influencing public officials
Log Cabin Republicans - a political organization which consists of gays and lesbians who are supporters of the Republican Party.

marginal tax rate - the amount of one's additional (marginal) earnings that must be paid explicitly in taxes or implicitly in the form of a reduction in the level of one's income supplement. Since it establishes the fraction of an additional dollar earned that an individual is permitted to keep, it is an important determinant of the incentive to work.

Marxism - a system of thought developed by Karl Marx, along with Friedrich Engels, which is the basis for the theoretical principles of communism. (see communism)

Masculism - The ideological flip side of feminism. It teaches that sexual equality laws serve primarily women and have created significant unconstitutional discrimination against men. They claim that these laws are "anti-male" discrimination laws which have been used to justify the vilification of men and the curtailing of men's rights.

Medicaid - a government program financed by federal, state, and local funds for hospitalization and medical insurance for persons of all ages within certain income limits.

Metrosexual - A term to describe a heterosexual urban male, who is vain, self-indulgent and grooms himself in clothing recommended by homosexuals. A kind of narcissistic, insecure masculinity shaped by film, advertising, and fashionable expensive clothes. These men are sometimes referred to as "girly men".

militant - vigorously active, aggressive, or combative.

military - U.S. armed forces comprised of the Navy, Army, Air Force, and Marines.

militia - all able-bodied males between the ages of 18 and 45 considered eligible for defensive military service in times of emergency.

minimum wage - the lowest wage payable, by law or union contract, to a company's employees.

misanthropy - hatred and distrust towards the human species and human pro-creation. Some radical environmentalists elevate animals in order to grant them human rights and view humans as animals, and would like to see laws enacted forcing human sterilization and/or genocide.

In 2010, James Jay Lee, environmental misanthrope, using explosives took hostages at the Discovery Channel for their programming for children, childbirth and the promotion of families, in general.

misogny - hatred, fear. and distrust of females. Manifested from jokes demeaning women, pornography, to violence against women. Sometimes comes from a patriarchal society that supports male-domination, subordinating women, not giving them access to power or decision making.

monarchy - a state in which the supreme power is vested in a hereditary sovereign such as king, queen, or emperor.

monopoly - a market situation characterized by a single seller of a good or service for which there is no comparable substitute and by factors that make it difficult for other firms to enter the market for that product.

Moonbat - a term used to describe alarmists, fanatical anti-war activist, environmental extremists, and other radicals and politicians. It is perceived that they have sacrificed sanity for uniformity .. like mad dogs barking at the moon. Their prophets include Gov. Jerry Brown, CA (Gov Moonbeam) and more recently, Cindy Sheehan (Mother Moonbat).

morality - the rules of right and good conduct.

MSM- Mainstream media. This is a reference to the major television networks, radio shows, and newspapers.

N

nation building - undertaken after war to help rebuild the political and economic infrastructure of a country.

national socialism - the principles and practices of the Nazi party in Germany. Grounded in military authoritarianism, opposition towards democracy, and the belief in the physical, moral, and cultural superiority of Nordic people, it idealized the state. (see Nazi)

nationalism - devotion to the interests of one's own country.

Nazi - a member of the National Socialist German Worker's Party, which in 1933, under Adolf Hitler, seized political control of Germany. (see national socialism).

Neo-conservative (Neocon) - the original neocons were Jewish-Americans, formerly socialist or communist, who moved over to the political right. Perceiving a split in the GOP, some came to use the term to vilify the "religious right" (Republicans that support Israel and Jews for biblical reasons).

More recently, the term "neocon" is has being broadened to include anyone who judges others using a "values" based morality, which includes the concepts of accountability and personal responsibility.

Neo-liberalism - Fundamentally a globalistic economic agenda. A program of reducing trade barriers and internal market restrictions

New World Order - a conspiracy theory regarding a supposed secret powerful and influential doomsday cult, generally referred to as the Illuminati or Bilderbergs, who are conspiring to rule the world.

NOW - National Organization for Women. An American organization that at one time had as it's primary goal, promoting equal rights for women. It has evolved into a group promoting leftist and lesbian causes.

O

oligopoly - a market situation in which only a few companies dominate and compete in a given industry

omnicide - Murder whose purpose is to destroy a species of humankind, utilizing weapons that are too terrible to be used, and whose use may result in the death of those using them as well as those they wish to kill. Suicide bombers commit omicide. The halocaust was omnicide.

One World Order - to make a worldwide government in scope or application for the purpose of increasing the interdependence of the world's markets and businesses. One World Order is currently being promoted by the United Nations.

outlays - monetary expenditures.

P

Pajahadeen/Pajama Bloggers - Jonathan Klein, president of CNN, airily dismissed the bloggers who dethroned Dan Rather as, "a guy sitting in his living room in his pajamas writing."

This elitist comment, evolved into the term "pajahadeen" or "pajama clad bloggers", used to describe the bloggers who have risen up against the mainstream media to uncover and expose their intentional political deceptions.

parliament - the legislature of Great Britain made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

partisan - an adherent supporter of a person, party, or cause.

perjury - willfully lying under oath before a competent tribunal, about a point pertinent to a legal inquiry.

philosophy - pursuit of wisdom b: a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means c: an analysis of the grounds of and concepts expressing fundamental beliefs

PETA - People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. A group that supports animal "rights" by protesting medical testing on animals and the use of animals to make clothing, cosmetics, and other consumables including food.

piracy - information copying prohibited by current law. Illegally copying and distributing such things as software, music and movies.

pluralism - the view that the world contains many kinds of existent, which in their uniqueness cannot be reduced to just one or two.

philosophy -

plurality - the excess of votes received by the leading candidate in an election in which there are three or more candidates, over those received by the next candidate.

plutocracy - the rule of the wealthy.

polarization - this is what happens when the extreme wings of a party take control and moderates find that they have lost power.

politically correct - a speech code designed to limit free speech, conforming to a belief that language and practices which could offend political sensibilities (as in matters of sex or race) should be eliminated. Politically correct is often referred to as "PC".

politically incorrect - use of words deemed insensitive by the politically correct.

populist - a political party member seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people. In modern usage, being a populist, has become a political tactic. A politician merely claims he is seeking to represent the interests of "ordinary people", or that he is "one of them".

pork barrel spending - a derogatory term referring to appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district. Often this money is for absurd projects such as $107,000 to study the sex life of the Japanese quail; for private concerns such as $13 million for a private pleasure boat harbor in Cleveland; or money allocated to a powerful politician for a special project in his district, that will help him get re-elected. An example would be the Big Dig in Boston, a highway project which cost taxpayers about $22 billion. Another type of pork barrel spending is the Earmark, which is generally offered to politicians to get their votes on a specific bill they would not otherwise support.

Pork barrel spending is often referred to as a "back room deal" during which taxpayer money is allocated without benefit of a public hearing or review.

positivism - that which has to be accepted as we find it and is not given to further explanation.

POTUS- Presidents of the United States

prime rate - A rate banks use in conjunction with other rates such as LIBOR and Fed Funds to determine interest rates in lending transactions.

privatize - to convert businesses from government ownership to private ownership.

primary election - an election to determine which candidate will represent the party; or delegates from the State, who will then choose the candidate. Some states have closed primaries (only declared party members can vote) or open primaries, enabling you to vote without declaring a party affiliation.

Progressive liberal - Favor diplomacy over military action, stem-cell research, the legalization of same-sex marriage, secular government, stricter gun control, global warming and environmental protection laws. Also includes abortion rights, affirmative action and a belief that our domestic and foreign policy should conform with international directive.

propaganda - The common use of propaganda is to use false or misleading information to promote a partisan and unbalanced picture. It is a deliberate attempt to change people's views on a given topic through the use of deception and confusion, rather than persuasion and understanding.

property rights - the rights to use, control, and obtain the benefits from a good or service.

push back - Generally a reference to pushing back an enemy attack, forcing a retreat. The political use, this term references dirty politics, such as when one party will lie *loudly* about whatever they have been caught lying about or doing. The idea being to do or say whatever it takes, to demonize the enemy and force a retreat.

Q

quota - the number of persons of a specific race or gender required to be enrolled in a college, to be hired by a company, to be admitted to a club, etc.

R

racism - a doctrine that inherent differences in race determine individual achievement.

recession - a downturn in economic activity marked by two consecutive quarters in which there is a decline in real GNP.

republic - a state in which the supreme power is with the citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen by them.

republican - often called "Conservative" and represented by the Republican party, or political Right. One who generally favors economic liberty, free markets, private property and lower taxes. They encourage personal responsibility, want less, or limited Government and privatization of business. They prefer personal freedoms over equality and they support a strong national defense. Their champion is probably Ronald Reagan.

revenue enhancement - a term used to describe a tax increase, without having to call it a tax increase.

revisionist - Originally, it was a reference to the reexamination of the accepted "facts" and interpretations of history, with by a genuine desire to educate and correct history. However, it has become a term used to indicate that the history has been intentionally reinterpreted, to reflect a view that is not accurate in order to support an agenda.

S

S & L - Savings and Loan. Financial institutions that accept deposits in exchange for shares that pay dividends.

Science - knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method b: such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena

Scientific Method - principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses

Script kiddie- a non-expert who who lacks knowledge, experience or maturity. He uses pre-packaged automated tools written by others .. he simply runs scripts created by someone else.

SCOTUS - Supreme Court of the United States

SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission. A board charged with regulating the public offer and sale of securities.

secede - to formally break away from an alliance or federation, such as a political union.

sexism - discrimination against women in job opportunities, education, military, etc.

sexual harassment - unwanted sexually-oriented comments or actions made towards an employee by a superior or co-worker that disrupt the working environment and/or affect said employee's wages, opportunity for advancement, job security, etc.

Sharia .. the law of Islam that comes from the Quran and Muhammad. The views are interpreted by Shia jurists. There are many interpretations of Sharia which dictates common and civil law, politics, economics, sexuality, hygiene, diet, prayer, and fasting. Criticism of the Quran, Sharia and/or Islam can be punishable by death.

soft money - unlimited contributions to the political parties, from corporations, unions, and wealthy individuals. "Soft money" is

money donated to political parties in a way that leaves the contribution unregulated. (see Hard Money)

social democrat - one who advocates, through a democratic process, a slow transition to socialism.

socialism - a system of economic organization in which state owns and controls the basic means of production and where centralized planning, rather than market forces, determines the allocation of resources.

social security - a life insurance and retirement plan run by the federal government and funded through compulsory payments by employers and employees.

Socratic method - a teacher, by questioning his student, brings the student to recognize some conclusion without telling the student that the conclusion is true.

Spin - a political agenda, twisting truths or facts into something that "proves" your point of view.

suborn - to bribe or induce a witness to give false testimony.

subsidy - aid given by a government to a private commercial enterprise, a charity organization, etc.

suicide bomber - a Terrorist that kills himself in the act of murdering others.

surgical strike - an attack (usually without prior warning) intended to deal only with a specific target. Generally this is an attack using

guided weapons to hit one specific building, with minimal damage to the surrounding area.

syndicalism - Anti-capitalist, non-traditional socialist doctrine that sees the state as oppressive and advocates replacing the state system with production groups connected by a centralized agent which determines economic needs and organizes production. It is believed that working within such groups would unite workers and that this kind of unity would overcome diverging political and religious beliefs.

T

talking head - a talker on television who talks directly into the cameras and whose upper body is all that is shown on the screen

Taquiya .. Permission to lie about, denounce or conceal one's faith in Islam under physical stress or torture. Muslims are sometimes accused of using taquiya to disseminate false information, or lie for the furtherance of Islam. For example, the American Relief Agency, supposedly raised money for orphans. Later it was disclosed that this money was going to terrorist organizations.

Teabagger - a slang term for the act of a man placing his scrotum in the mouth of a sexual partner. Some members of the mainstream media made crude, vulgar jokes about the Tea Party movement, calling the protestors "Teabaggers"

Tea Party Movement - A grass roots movement (it is not a political party) started in 2009. The name references the Boston Tea Party protest of 1773. The movement is made up of several independent organizations, which all came together under a powerful, leaderless Tea Party movement. The movement grew rapidly, protesting pork barrel and government spending, the appropriation of the banking and auto industry, government takeover of Healthcare, the national deficit, and earmarks from congressional backroom deals. They showed up at Townhall meetings and decried politics-as-usual incumbents. The movement backed candidates replaced many incumbents during the 2010 election cycle.

terrorism - Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. (FBI definition)

theory - a hypothesis assumed for the sake of argument or investigation

think tank - a research institute or other organization of scholars, social or physical scientists, etc.

thought police - individuals or groups who use a political bias as a standard to determine what is, and is not, appropriate for others to think or say.

Tory - a member of the conservative party in Great Britain or Canada.

transgendered - exhibiting the appearance and behavioral characteristics of the opposite sex

Totalitarianism - A political system, generally Fascist, Socialist, and/or Communist, that recognizes no limits on it's power and authority. Generally a Dictatorship that controls the media, the economy and takes over private enterprise. Propaganda and collectivism replace human and individual rights. Government sponsored terrorism puts an end to freedom. Probably the most successful type of Totalitarianism, was the Marxism-Leninism of the Soviet Union, which defeated the Fascists of Germany.

transsexual - a person with a psychological urge to belong to the opposite sex that may be carried to the point of undergoing surgery to modify the sex organs to mimic the opposite sex

tree-hugger - an environmental extremist who supports the restriction of logging.

Troll - to allure, entice and bait. A person who gives false, outrageous, inflamatory, political statements, or insults, in order to provoke a desired response. The internet troll wants to make a fool out of anyone trusting enough, to take his comments seriously.

Truther / Troofer - A conspiracy theorist who believes the 9/11 Conspiracy theory that George Bush and/or the U.S. was at fault for the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center. The *troofer* believes that only he comprehends the *truth* and the rest of the people are ignorant for not seeing their truth. The word was coined by the New World Order conspiracy theorist types, who believe a powerful secret group is conspiring to rule the world.

truthiness - a satirical term used to describe people stating concepts they want to believe, rather than the facts. Truthiness is felt emotionally and disregards actual evidence or intellectual examination.

tyranny - arbitrary and unrestrained abuse of power.

U

United Nations - an international organization, headquartered in New York City, formed to promote international peace, security, and cooperation under the terms of the charter signed by 51 founding countries in San Francisco in 1945.

unilateralism - a government acting on it's own, in it's own best interests. This would be opposed to going to the United Nations, to act jointly with other nations, on international principles designed to benefit "the many".

urban legend - a story of doubtful authenticity involving incidents of the recent past, often including elements of humor and horror, that spreads quickly and believed to be true

utilitarianism - Judging actions by their consequences and the pleasure derived from them. The goal being the greatest amount of happiness for the most people.

V

vast right wing conspiracy - a term coined by Hillary Rodham-Clinton to describe the accusations of, and the investigations into, President Bill Clinton's alleged misconduct and alleged illegal activities.

Vegan - extremist vegetarians who consume no animal food or dairy products. One who abstains from using animal products (as leather).

voucher - a government coupon given to parents that can only be used to send their children to the public or private school of the parents' choice.

W

Watergate - an illegal break-in, by Republican campaign employees, at Democratic party national headquarters in Washington, D.C. during the 1972 presidential campaign.

Weapons of mass destruction - often referred to as "WMD", they would include Chemical, Biological and Nuclear weapons.

welfare - financial aid that is funded by tax dollars and given by government because of hardship or need.

wingnut(s) - Generally, a person who holds extreme political views. The political usage: A name hurled at people whose remarks you want to discredit, but are too accurate to dismiss. The use of pejorative namecalling to demonize your opponents.

X, Y, Z

Zionism - a movement looking toward the segregation of the Jewish people, specifically seeking a Jewish legal takeover of Palestine.

Sources: The Random House College Dictionary, A Dictionary of Philosophy by Antony Flew, Economics - Private and Public Choice by James D. Gwartney and Richard L. Stroup, Principles of Finance by Robert W. Kolb.